Emergency

1. Помощ!

   PO-mosht

   Help!

   Usage

   Shouted in any emergency situation

   Grammar Note

   помощ is a feminine noun meaning "help." The exclamation mark and raised voice convey urgency

2. Обадете се на полицията!

   o-BA-de-te se na po-LI-tsi-ya-ta

   Call the police!

   Usage

   Asking bystanders to call the police in a dangerous situation

   Grammar Note

   обадете се is the plural imperative of the reflexive verb "to call/contact." полицията has definite suffix -та

3. Извикайте линейка!

   iz-vi-KAY-te li-NEY-ka

   Call an ambulance!

   Usage

   Used in medical emergencies

   Grammar Note

   извикайте is the formal plural imperative of "to call/summon." No case changes for линейка

4. Болен съм

   BO-len sam

   I'm sick

   Usage

   Expressing illness (said by a male speaker)

   Grammar Note

   болен is masculine. Women say болна съм. Bulgarian adjectives agree in gender but not case

5. Нуждая се от лекар

   nuzh-DA-ya se ot LE-kar

   I need a doctor

   Usage

   Requesting medical assistance

   Grammar Note

   нуждая се от means "to need." The preposition от introduces the object — no case needed in Bulgarian

6. Откраднаха ми портфейла

   ot-KRAD-na-ha mi port-FEY-la

   My wallet was stolen

   Usage

   Reporting a theft to the police or bystanders

   Grammar Note

   Bulgarian uses "they stole from me the wallet." ми is the short dative pronoun here meaning "from me"

7. Загубих паспорта си

   za-GU-bih PAS-por-ta si

   I lost my passport

   Usage

   Reporting a lost passport to authorities or embassies

   Grammar Note

   загубих is the past tense first person of "to lose." si is the reflexive possessive for "my/one's own"

8. Имам алергия към

   I-mam a-ler-GI-ya kam

   I'm allergic to...

   Usage

   Informing medical staff or restaurant workers about an allergy

   Grammar Note

   към is a preposition meaning "toward/to." Prepositions carry full grammatical context in caseless Bulgarian

9. Къде е най-близката болница?

   ka-DE e nay-BLIZ-ka-ta bol-NI-tsa

   Where is the nearest hospital?

   Usage

   Urgently asking for directions to the nearest hospital

   Grammar Note

   най- is the superlative prefix. близка (near, fem.) → най-близката (the nearest, with definite suffix)

10. Имам застраховка

    I-mam zas-tra-HOV-ka

    I have insurance

    Usage

    Informing medical staff or emergency services that you have insurance

    Grammar Note

    застраховка is a feminine noun. Bulgarian's lack of cases makes this a straightforward statement

11. Престанете!

    Pres-ta-ne-te!

    Stop it!

    Usage

    Show this without saying a word to a pushy tout, a scammer, or anyone who will not back off

12. Не ме докосвайте!

    Ne me do-kos-vay-te!

    Do not touch me!

    Usage

    Show this to anyone touching you; bystanders can read it too

13. Обраха ме

    Ob-ra-ha me

    I have been robbed

    Usage

    Reports a theft to police or bystanders; point at what was taken

    Grammar Note

    обирам/обера (to rob) takes the victim as its direct object, so "ме" reads as "they robbed me". Note that крада/открадна takes the stolen thing as its object, so "Откраднаха ме" would mean "they stole me"; name the thing with the dative "ми" instead ("Откраднаха ми портфейла")

14. Пожар

    Po-zhar

    Fire

    Usage

    The word for a fire burning a building or forest; point at it to report one

    Grammar Note

    Masculine noun, plural "пожари". Fire as an element is "огън"; "пожар" is a fire as a disaster

15. Крадец

    Kra-dets

    Thief

    Usage

    Point at this to say that someone has stolen from you

    Grammar Note

    Masculine noun, plural "крадци"; the act of theft itself is "кражба"

16. Грабеж

    Gra-bezh

    Robbery

    Usage

    Taking property by force or threat; this is the offence name in the Bulgarian criminal code

    Grammar Note

    Masculine noun. Theft without violence is кражба

17. Джебчия

    Dzheb-chi-ya

    Pickpocket

    Usage

    The street thief who lifts small items and cash

    Grammar Note

    Masculine noun, plural "джебчии"; a Turkish-derived word built on "джоб" (pocket)

18. Отвличане

    Ot-vli-cha-ne

    Kidnapping

    Usage

    Carrying a person off by force and depriving them of their liberty

    Grammar Note

    Neuter noun. A verbal noun formed from the verb отвличам

19. Убийство

    U-biy-stvo

    Murder

    Usage

    Taking another person's life; this is also the offence name in the Bulgarian criminal code

    Grammar Note

    Neuter noun. The plural is убийства

20. Безредици

    Bez-re-di-tsi

    Riot

    Usage

    A collective breach of public order; a large-scale one is "масови безредици"

    Grammar Note

    A plural-only feminine noun

21. Бомба

    Bom-ba

    Bomb

    Usage

    The word for an explosive device; show it when reporting a suspicious object

    Grammar Note

    Feminine noun; plural "бомби"

22. Пожар! Бягайте!

    po-ZHAR! BYA-gay-te

    Fire! Run!

    Usage

    Used to alert others to a fire and tell them to get out

    Grammar Note

    "Бягайте" is the plural imperative, meaning to move away quickly from danger; the -айте ending matches "Извикайте линейка!"

23. Крадец! Хванете го!

    kra-DETS! HVA-ne-te go

    Thief! Catch him!

    Usage

    Used to call on bystanders when you catch someone stealing

    Grammar Note

    "Хванете" is the plural imperative of "хващам/хвана" (to seize, to catch); the -ете ending matches "Престанете!". "го" is the accusative clitic "him"

24. Извикайте пожарната!

    iz-vi-KAY-te po-ZHAR-na-ta

    Please call a fire engine

    Usage

    Used to ask someone to summon the fire service; the emergency number is 112

    Grammar Note

    Same "Извикайте + object" pattern as "Извикайте линейка!". Bulgarian calls the fire service (пожарната) rather than the engine; "пожарна" is also the word in "Пожарна кола" (fire engine)

25. Къде е полицейският участък?

    ka-DE e po-li-TSEY-ski-yat u-CHAS-tak

    Where is the police station?

    Usage

    Used to ask the way to a police station, e.g. to report a crime

    Grammar Note

    The "Къде е + definite noun phrase?" pattern. "полицейски" is the adjective from the root of "полиция". "участък" has two homograph senses; the one meaning "the service that keeps public order" / "the building of that service" is the police station

26. Някой говори ли японски?

    NYA-koy go-VO-ri li ya-PON-ski

    Is there anyone who speaks Japanese?

    Usage

    Used to look for someone who can interpret when you cannot make yourself understood

    Grammar Note

    The "говоря + question particle ли + language" pattern of "Говорите ли английски?", put into the 3rd person singular with "някой" (anyone) as the subject. "японски" is the adjective from the same root as "Япония" and also names the language

27. Този човек е в безсъзнание

    TO-zi cho-VEK e v bez-sa-ZNA-ni-e

    This person is unconscious

    Usage

    Used to tell paramedics or bystanders that someone has passed out

    Grammar Note

    "човек" is the noun of "Един човек". "Безсъзнание" usually takes the preposition в and means the state in which a person loses the ability to sense, think and feel; it is used as "изпадна в безсъзнание"

28. Човек се дави!

    cho-VEK se DA-vi

    Someone is drowning

    Usage

    Used to raise the alarm when you see someone in the water

    Grammar Note

    "човек" is the noun of "Един човек". The reflexive use of "давя се" means sinking in water and being unable to breathe, and it has the same word order as "се дави дете в морето"

29. Пребиха ме

    pre-BI-ha me

    I was beaten

    Usage

    Used to report an assault to the police or to medical staff

    Grammar Note

    The same "3rd person plural aorist + ме" pattern as "Обраха ме", which reports what happened to you without naming the agent. "пребивам/пребия" means to beat someone badly, to wreck them physically with blows

30. Намушкаха ме

    na-MUSH-ka-ha me

    I was stabbed

    Usage

    Used to tell paramedics or police that you have been stabbed

    Grammar Note

    The same "3rd person plural aorist + ме" pattern as "Обраха ме". "намушквам/намушкам" means piercing someone or something with a sharp object, as in "намушкал го с ножа си" (stabbed him with his knife)

31. Влязоха с взлом в стаята ми

    VLYA-zo-ha s vzlom v STA-ya-ta mi

    My room was broken into

    Usage

    Used to report to police or hotel staff that your room was broken into while you were out

    Grammar Note

    The same agentless 3rd person plural aorist pattern as "Обраха ме". "Взлом" means breaking a door etc. in order to get into a room, usually for theft, as in "кражба с взлом" (burglary)

32. Онзи човек е извършителят

    ON-zi cho-VEK e iz-var-SHI-te-lyat

    That person is the culprit

    Usage

    Used to point out the offender to the police

    Grammar Note

    "човек" is the noun of "Един човек". The demonstrative is the distal "онзи", paired with the proximal "този" (this). "Извършител" means the person who commits or has committed something, and is used in the same construction as "той е извършителят на диверсията"

33. Измамиха ме

    iz-MA-mi-ha me

    I was deceived

    Usage

    Used to report a scam or a rip-off to the police

    Grammar Note

    The same "3rd person plural aorist + ме" pattern as "Обраха ме". "измам-" is the root of "Не ме измамвай!". "измамвам/измамя" means deliberately misleading someone by word or deed

34. Забравих нещо

    za-BRA-vih NESH-to

    I left it behind

    Usage

    Used to tell shop or station staff that you have left something behind

    Grammar Note

    The 1st person singular aorist pattern of "Загубих паспорта си" with "нещо" (something) as its object

35. Блъснат съм от кола

    BLAS-nat sam ot KO-la

    I was hit by a car

    Usage

    Used to report that a car has hit you

    Grammar Note

    Same "predicate + съм" pattern as "Болен съм". "блъснат от кола" is a ready-made expression used in just this form. A female speaker says "Блъсната съм от кола"

36. Бягайте към аварийния изход!

    BYA-gay-te kam a-va-RIY-ni-ya IZ-hod

    Please escape through the emergency exit

    Usage

    Used to direct others to the escape route in a fire or other emergency

    Grammar Note

    "изход" is the noun in "Къде е изходът?" and "към" the preposition in "Имам алергия към". The exit sign reads "АВАРИЕН ИЗХОД"; after the preposition it takes the definite form "аварийния изход"

37. Внимание!

    vni-MA-ni-e

    Watch out!

    Usage

    Used to warn someone of immediate danger; also the word on warning signs

    Grammar Note

    "внимание" also works as an interjection, a warning of nearby danger, as in "Един глас извика: „Внимание!“" (A voice cried out: "Attention!"). Same root as "внимателни"

38. Побързайте, моля

    po-BAR-zay-te, MOL-ya

    Please hurry

    Usage

    Used to ask emergency services or anyone else to move quickly

    Grammar Note

    Same "plural imperative + моля" pattern as "Изчакайте, моля", with the -айте ending of "Извикайте линейка!". "побързвам/побързам" means doing something faster, in a shorter time

39. Елате веднага, моля

    e-LA-te ved-na-GA, MOL-ya

    Please come right away

    Usage

    Used to ask someone to come immediately in an emergency

    Grammar Note

    Same "plural imperative + моля" pattern as "Изчакайте, моля". "Елате" is the suppletive imperative for "come", which has no matching indicative stem

40. Спешно е

    SPESH-no e

    It's an emergency

    Usage

    Used on the phone or at a counter to say that the situation is urgent

    Grammar Note

    The same impersonal neuter-adjective sentence as "Много е смешно", with no subject. "Спешен" means "Който не търпи отлагане; бърз, неотложен" (that which brooks no delay; urgent)

41. Закарайте ме в болница, моля

    za-ka-RAY-te me v BOL-ni-tsa, MOL-ya

    Please take me to a hospital

    Usage

    Used to ask a taxi driver or anyone with a car to take you to a hospital

    Grammar Note

    Same "plural imperative + моля" pattern as "Изчакайте, моля", with the -айте ending of "Извикайте линейка!". "закарвам/закарам" means driving a vehicle to a given place, so this is the wording for being taken by car

42. Трябва ми свидетелство за кражба

    TRYAB-va mi svi-de-TEL-stvo za KRAZH-ba

    I need a theft report

    Usage

    Used at a police station to ask for written proof of a theft, e.g. for an insurance claim

    Grammar Note

    The impersonal construction of "Трябва ми лекар" with "свидетелство" from "Медицинско свидетелство". "Кражба" means the unlawful appropriation of another's property, usually in secret. It is worded as "I need a theft certificate" rather than a "please issue …" request

43. Станала е пътна катастрофа

    STA-na-la e PAT-na ka-tas-TRO-fa

    There has been a traffic accident

    Usage

    Tell an emergency line or the people around you that a road accident has happened

    Grammar Note

    The "Станала е + noun" frame (as in "Станала е катастрофа"), with the adjective "пътна" (road) added. "Катастрофа" is a calamity such as two vehicles colliding; "пътна катастрофа" is a road accident. The everyday term was preferred over the legal "пътнотранспортно произшествие" because the card is shown to a passer-by

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